Skip to main content

What is a Microprocessor?

By

  • A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock driven register and ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) based electronic device. 
  • A microprocessor reads the binary instructions from the memory.
  • It accepts the binary data as input.
  • Then it processes the data according to the instructions and provides the result as output.
  • Microprocessor is just like a human brain.

Block Diagram of Microprocessor
  • There are four major components of a microprocessor based system. They are microprocessor (CPU), memory, input device and output device.
  • Microprocessor works on binary digits 0 and 1. These digits are represented in terms of electrical voltages. Digit 0 represents one voltage level (low) and digit 1 represents other voltage level (high).
  • The user can enter data and instructions through devices like keyboard. Such devices are called input devices.
  • Then the microprocessor reads the instructions from memory and processes the data.
  • The result is displayed by a device like printer, LCD. Such devices are called output devices.
  • Memory is a device that stores the binary instructions and data. It is made up of 8 bit registers that is capable of storing 8 binary digits.
  • The physical components of microprocessor based system are known as hardware.
  • The set of instructions written for the microprocessor to do some task is called a program.
  • A group of programs is called software.
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Logical Group Instructions (Part-VI) - RLC, RRC, RAL, RAR

By
RLC: This instruction rotates the contents of accumulator to the left by one bit. It will shift B0 to B1, B1 to B2,............B7 to B0 as well as to carry flag . Only CY flag is modified. It is a one byte instruction. Implied addressing mode is used. Before execution: After execution: Example: If A = 0101 0111 = 57H and CY = 1 RLC ; Now A = 10101110 = AEH and CY = 0. RRC: This instruction rotates the contents of accumulator to the right by one bit. It will shift B7 to B6, B6 to B5,............B0 to B7 as well as to carry flag. Only CY flag is modified. It is a one byte instruction. Implied addressing mode is used. Before execution: After execution: Example: If A = 1001 1010 = 9AH and CY = 1 RLC ; Now A = 0100 1101 = 4DH and CY = 0. RAL: This instruction rotates the contents of accumulator to the left by one bit along with the carry . It will shift B0 to B1, B1 to B2,............B7 to CY and CY to B0 . Only CY flag is modifi...
Post a Comment
Read more

Program to exchange the contents of two memory locations

By
Statement: Exchange the contents of memory locations 2000H and 2001H. Example:  Initially, (2000H) = 34H (2001H) = 20H After exchanging, (2000H) = 20H (2001H) = 34H Program 1 using direct addressing instructions: LDA 2000H               ; Get the contents of location 2000H into accumulator MOV B, A                  ; Move the contents of accumulator into register B LDA 2001H                ; Get the contents of location 2001H into accumulator STA 2000H                 ; Store the contents of accumulator into location 2000H MOV A, B                  ; Move the contents of register B into accumulator STA 2001H                 ; Store the contents of accumulator into location 2001H HLT  ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Logical Group Instructions (Part-I) - ANA and ANI

By
ANA R:  This instruction logically AND the contents of the specified register with the contents of the accumulator. Register R can be any 8-bit general purpose register like A, B, C, D, E, H and L. The result is stored in the accumulator. S (Sign flag), Z (Zero flag), P (Parity flag) are modified. CY (Carry flag) is reset and AC (Auxiliary Carry flag) is set. It is a one byte instruction. Register addressing mode is used. Example: If A = 0101 1001 = 59H and B = 0000 0011 = 03H ANA B ; This instruction will logically AND the contents of A (59H) with the contents of B (03H) and the result (01H) is stored in A. ANA M: This instruction logically AND the contents of the memory location pointed by HL register pair with the contents of the accumulator. The result is stored in the accumulator. S (Sign flag), Z (Zero flag), P (Parity flag) are modified. CY (Carry flag) is reset and AC (Auxiliary Carry flag) is set. It is a one byte instruction. Register indirect a...
Post a Comment
Read more