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What is a Microprocessor?

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  • A microprocessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock driven register and ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) based electronic device. 
  • A microprocessor reads the binary instructions from the memory.
  • It accepts the binary data as input.
  • Then it processes the data according to the instructions and provides the result as output.
  • Microprocessor is just like a human brain.

Block Diagram of Microprocessor
  • There are four major components of a microprocessor based system. They are microprocessor (CPU), memory, input device and output device.
  • Microprocessor works on binary digits 0 and 1. These digits are represented in terms of electrical voltages. Digit 0 represents one voltage level (low) and digit 1 represents other voltage level (high).
  • The user can enter data and instructions through devices like keyboard. Such devices are called input devices.
  • Then the microprocessor reads the instructions from memory and processes the data.
  • The result is displayed by a device like printer, LCD. Such devices are called output devices.
  • Memory is a device that stores the binary instructions and data. It is made up of 8 bit registers that is capable of storing 8 binary digits.
  • The physical components of microprocessor based system are known as hardware.
  • The set of instructions written for the microprocessor to do some task is called a program.
  • A group of programs is called software.
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